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Heat Treating, Irradiating: This method usually darkens a crystalline stone.
Dyeing: This is done to enhance the color. Howlite is a white stone that can be dyed to resemble turquoise.
Coating: This will make a stone have iridescent effects and brilliant colors.
Impregnation, Filled: If a stone has a surface reaching fracture, it can be treated with cedar wood oil, linseed oil, Canada balsam, wax, plastic, polymers, resins, glass, etc. to fill and strengthen the fracture.
Reconstitution: After the large jewelry-quality stones are cut from a large natural stone, there remain many smaller pieces. These are ground done to powder, mixed with resins and poured into molds. They are genuine stones, but usually are unnaturally smooth with no natural markings in the stone.
Oiling: Deepens the color and protects the stone.
Bleaching: Making the color even and lighter.
Lasering: Stones can be lasered to add a design, logo or trademark.
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